... For example, only Raman scattering processes could be observed in dense RM even with an
intense nanosecond pulsed laser (Svensson and Holmlid, 1999). ... Badiei, S. and Holmlid, L. (2002)
Rydberg matter in space—low density condensed dark matter. Mon. Not. ...

... The close relation between the two forms of dense deuterium D(1) and D(−1) is demonstrated ...
two forms D(1) and D(−1) are interrelated but well separated in bond length and density. ... 1), but
instead the planar cluster forms normal for higher excitation levels in Rydberg matter [17 ...

... The possible existence of dense hydrogen materials has been investigated for many decades ...
The hope has been to reach a hydrogen material with a density corresponding to maybe a ... Using
another path via Rydberg matter (RM) of hydrogen to avoid the formation of covalently ...

... A single lens with a focal length of 0.4 m is used to focus the laser beam with a maximum power
density of 1.5×10 ... neutral high energy particles with well-defined kinetic energy of 9.4 eV per unit
mass from laser fragmentation of a cloud of Rydberg matter. ... 3]; J. Wang, L. Holmlid; ...

... The properties of dense alkali RM in thermal plasmas have been investigated by Yarygin et al ...
Its high density, which is ten times higher than for solid molecular hydrogen, is important ... 321,
215–222 (2006)CrossRefADS. 9. J. Wang, L. Holmlid, Rydberg matter clusters of hydrogen ...

... but only one, the model with doubly excited atomic states embedded in Rydberg Matter (RM)
(Holmlid ... The recently published exact calculation of DIBs based on a RM model (Holmlid 2004a)
was ... factors of course enter a strict probability estimation, like the total density of bands ...

... several publications [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] and [7]. Due to the extremely high density of D ... Only
hydrogen isotope atoms are expected to give an ultra-dense material form, since the inner
electrons ... D(1) and D(−1) D ( − 1 ) are the lowest energy forms of Rydberg Matter (RM) [17], [18 ...

... S Badiei and L Holmlid ... in which a condensed phase of H atoms is formed from an electronically
highly excited metallic state known as Rydberg matter (RM) [10–15 ... From the recent dynamic
compression results by Chau et al [7] a metallic state should exist at the scaled density D ...

... Clusters of Rydberg Matter are usually small, six-fold symmetric and planar in the point group
D 6h , as ... 18] state that the K atom is in an “expanded” state and show that the spin density at the ...
The ultra-dense deuterium material [21] and [22] is of special interest for this application ...

... D(1) and D(−1) are probably the two lowest excitation levels of deuterium Rydberg Matter
(RM) [29], [30] and [31]. ... Superfluid ultra-dense deuterium D(−1) on polymer surfaces:
structure and density changes at a polymer-metal boundary. J. Appl. ...

... Rydberg Matter (RM) is a generalized metallic form of matter which forms small clusters, primarily
planar clusters. ... Here, the focus is on the study of RM clusters in a low-density phase of RM ... In
principle, the form of matter called ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) [8] is not of the RM type ...

... The demonstration of lasing action in the excited material named Rydberg matter (RM) [1], [2]
and [3] is of ... This means that the carbon layer is not dense but allows diffusion of K atoms in various ...
With a typical beam waist of 10 μm, the power density at the surface with the laser ...

... Göteborg, but confirmation of our first experiments on RM in relatively dense Cs plasmas ... were
run under SpectraMax, with modifications of the grating line density used for ... HOLMLID Stimulated
emission spectroscopy of Rydberg matter: observation of Rydberg orbits in the core ...

... The main beneficial properties of D(−1) as the fusion target are its extremely high density and
the high ... in the emitter material forms dense deuterium D(1), which is spontaneously converted
into ultra-dense deuterium D(−1) [3, 4]. The excitation level for Rydberg matter (RM) [16 ...

... on amplification of the original molecular line emission by stimulated emission in Rydberg Matter
(RM) clouds in ... of the lines may be embedded in the RM clouds, for example in dense HII regions ...
However, a distance of 1 AU compensates for this lower density and would give a ...

... in the group here in Göteborg, but confirmation of our first experiments on RM in relatively dense
Cs plasmas ... Vibrational transitions in Rydberg matter clusters 1367 different from a
three-dimensional case in which the density of states depends on the energy (quantum state). ...

... u Fax: +46-31-772-3107, E-mail: holmlid@chem.gu.se ... Rydberg matter is a condensed phase
formed by conden- sation of circular, long-lived Rydberg states of atoms and ... but it was only by
1991 that the first macroscopic experi- mental studies of this low-density metallic phase ...

... flight energy measurements in several publications [1–4]. Due to the extremely high density of
D ... Only hydrogen isotope atoms are expected to give an ultra-dense material form, since the inner ...
and D(−1) are the two lowest excitation levels of deu- terium Rydberg Matter (RM) [15 ...

... The probable high energy density of 175 MJ kg - 1 and the low density of 0.5−0.7 kg ... Badiei,
Shahriar; Holmlid, Leif. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (2004), 16 (39), 7017-7023 CODEN:
JCOMEL ... (Institute of Physics Publishing). A phase of hydrogen Rydberg matter (RM) is ...

... of the same material, which rapidly interconvert, with D(1) being of the general Rydberg matter
(RM) [11 ... Due to the extremely high density of D(−1), of the order of 10 29 cm −3 ... Recent results
show fusion without ignition in this material [9]. The ultra-dense material is only formed ...